Patchy discoloration of the skin caused by sun exposure

Commonly appear on the backs of the hands, forearms, neck, chest, and face

2 Types of Dyschromia are:

• Hyperpigmentation (dark spots)
• Hypopigmentation (light spots)

Symptoms of Dyschromia

Symptoms of dyschromia depend on the underlying cause. Common symptoms are:

• Red bumps or patches
• Uneven skin color patches
• Dark patches of skin
• Bluish or purple discoloration
• Areas of lightened skin

Causes of Dyschromia

Multiple conditions causing dyschromia are,

• Certain skin cancers
• Cuts
• Scrapes
• Moles
• Sunburn
• Insect Bites
• Wounds
• Radiation Therapy
• Skin Infections

Diagnosis of Dyschromia

• Scrapings of Skin Lesions
• Skin Biopsy
• Ultraviolet Light Skin Examination
• Blood Tests

Your doctor will recommend treatment based on your diagnosis.

Treatment For Dyschromia

• Chemical peels (improves the appearance and texture)
• Microdermabrasion (to expose newer skin to the surface)
• Topical creams
• Laser treatment

When to Visit Your Doctor for Dyschromia?

• Constant changes in skin color
• A new mole or other growth
• Changes in color, size, or appearance of existing mole or growth

How Can We Prevent Dyschromia?

The key to prevent dyschromia is:

• Avoiding Sunlight and
• Daily Use of Sunscreen

Dyschromia refers to abnormal changes in skin coloration, including hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation. Treatment options vary based on the underlying cause and may include topical creams, laser therapy, or camouflage makeup.

What is Psoriasis?

Psoriasis is a skin disease that makes the skin cells abnormally multiply ten times faster than normal.  It causes a rash with itchy, scaly patches, most commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk and scalp.

What are the symptoms?

The symptoms vary based on the type of psoriasis you have. Some common symptoms of plaque psoriasis (the most common variety of the condition) are:

• Raised patches of skin that appear red, brown, or purple
• Whitish-silver scales or plaques on the red patches or grey scales on purple and brown patches
• Dry skin associated with cracking and bleeding
• Soreness around patches
• Itching and burning sensation
• Thick, pitted nails
• Painful, swollen joints

What causes psoriasis?

The two factors that are believed to cause psoriasis are:

• The immune system: It is an autoimmune condition. Autoimmune conditions are the result of your body attacking itself (self-attack).
• Genetics: Some people inherit genes that make them more prone to develop psoriasis.

What are the risk factors for psoriasis?

Common psoriasis risk factors include:

• An injury to your skin
• Excessive intake of alcohol
• Smoking
• Stress
• Hormonal changes
• Certain medications
• Immune diseases (HIV)

What is the diagnosis for psoriasis?

To diagnose psoriasis, your dermatologist will examine your skin, nails, and scalp for signs of psoriasis. The dermatologist will also ask if you have any: 

• Symptoms like itchy skin
• Joint problems (pain and swelling or stiffness when you wake up)
• Blood relatives who have psoriasis
• Stress

Biopsy:

If your symptoms are not clear, or your dermatologist wants to confirm the diagnosis, they will take a small sample of your skin; this procedure is called a biopsy.

It is then sent to a lab for analysis. This biopsy examination can diagnose the type of psoriasis you have. 

What is the treatment for psoriasis?

The primary aim of psoriasis treatment is to stop the abnormal multiplication of skin cells and the removal of scales.

The treatment options include:

• Creams and ointments
• Light therapy (phototherapy)
• Oral or injected medications

How to prevent psoriasis?

The best way to prevent or reduce the risk of spreading psoriasis is to avoid the triggers. 

Check out some of the things you can do to prevent or reduce the risk of psoriasis flare-ups:

• Reduce your stress
• Avoid certain medications
• Prevent skin injuries
• Avoid infections (wash your hand frequently)
• Eat a healthy diet

Your dermatologist would help you deal with the symptoms. Contact for help!

Vitiligo is a long-term skin condition characterized by patches of the skin losing their pigment.

The exact cause of vitiligo is unknown, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the melanocytes in the skin.

It affects people of all ages, genders, and skin tones.

Symptoms of Vitiligo

• Patchy loss of skin color in patches
• Loss of color in the mucous membranes (inside the mouth and nose)
• Loss of hair color or texture
• Premature whitening or graying of the hair
• Burning or itching sensation in the affected area
• Sensitivity to sunlight

Causes and Risk Factors of Vitiligo

• 1. Genetic predisposition: Certain genes have been linked to vitiligo, suggesting that it may have a genetic component.
• 2. Autoimmune disorder: Vitiligo may be the result of an autoimmune disorder, where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys its own melanin-producing cells.
• 3. Oxidative stress: This is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body, which can damage melanocytes.
• 4. Sunburn or other skin injury: Damage to the skin can trigger vitiligo in some people.
• 5. Hormonal changes: Hormonal changes can sometimes affect the production of melanin.

Risk factors for vitiligo include:

• 1. Family history: If you have a family member with vitiligo, you may be more likely to develop it yourself.
• 2. Fair skin: People with fair skin are more likely to develop vitiligo than those with darker skin.
• 3. Certain medical conditions: People with certain medical conditions, such as thyroid disease or diabetes, may be more likely to develop vitiligo.
• 4. Stress: Stressful life events or trauma can sometimes trigger vitiligo.

Diagnosis of Vitiligo

Vitiligo is diagnosed by a dermatologist, who will examine the affected areas of the skin and look for a lack of pigment.

The dermatologist may also take a small sample of skin (biopsy) to examine under a microscope.

Blood tests may also be conducted to check for any underlying medical conditions that may be causing the vitiligo.

In some cases, the dermatologist may refer the patient to an ophthalmologist to examine the eyes for signs of vitiligo.

Treatment of Vitiligo

Treatment for vitiligo is usually aimed at restoring the normal appearance of the skin.

• 1. Topical corticosteroids: These are a type of steroid cream that can be applied to the affected area of skin. They can help restore some of the skin’s normal color.
• 2. Phototherapy: This is a type of light therapy that uses ultraviolet (UV) light to restore some of the skin’s normal color.
• 3. Oral medications: These medications can help restore some of the skin’s normal color.
• 4. Surgery: This may be used in severe cases of vitiligo. It involves grafting healthy skin from one part of the body onto the affected area.
• 5. Depigmentation: This is a process that involves using a strong topical medication to lighten the unaffected areas of skin, so that they match the affected areas.
• 6. Camouflage creams: These are specially formulated creams that can be used to cover up the affected areas of skin.

Preventive Self-care Tips to Treat Vitiligo

• 1. Protect your skin from the sun: Wear sun-protective clothing, such as a long-sleeved shirt, a wide-brimmed hat, and sunglasses. Use broad-spectrum sunscreen on all exposed areas of skin, including your face, hands, and any other areas affected by vitiligo.
• 2. Avoid skin irritants: Try to avoid skin irritants, such as strong soaps, detergents, and perfumes. Wear gloves when using harsh chemical products.
• 3. Eat a healthy, balanced diet: Vitiligo may be related to a deficiency in certain vitamins and minerals. To ensure you are getting enough of these nutrients, try to eat a balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• 4. Try topical treatments: There are a number of topical treatments that may help to reduce the appearance of vitiligo, such as corticosteroid creams and calcineurin inhibitors. Talk to your doctor about which treatment may be best for you.
• 5. Consider light therapy: Light therapy, such as UVB phototherapy, may help to repigment the skin. This treatment involves exposing the affected areas to ultraviolet
• 6. Get regular exercise: Exercise helps reduce stress and can help improve overall health.
• 7. Avoid stress: Stress can worsen vitiligo symptoms. Find ways to reduce stress in your life and practice relaxation techniques such as yoga and meditation.

Myth and Fact on Vitiligo

Myth: People with Vitiligo are contagious.

Fact: Vitiligo is not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person.